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An electrical primer for Germany and Europe
Introduction
This is a practical guide for travelers and expats living in German-speaking countries related to sources for, and how to adapt to, European 220-volt/dual-voltage home appliances, multi-system televisions (PAL, SECAM, NTSC), VCRs, stereos, computers, telephones, fax machines, refrigerators, washers and other electrical appliances, power tools, transformers, adapters and converters for international relocation.
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If you know what you’re doing, you can use your personal laptop computer in Germany and the rest of Europe without difficulty. This one is hooked up to a hotel Ethernet connection in Germany. PHOTO © Hyde Flippo Also see > Internet & Modems |
First, the standard household electrical outlet in most of Europe—including Austria, Germany, and Switzerland—packs a wallop of 220-240 volts, twice the standard household voltage in North America. A normal 110-volt electrical appliance designed for use in the US, Canada, or Mexico will provide a nice fireworks display, complete with sparks and smoke, if plugged into a European outlet.
Second, North American and European electrical plugs are like square pegs in round holes—literally. A German plug (ein Stecker) has two round prongs, and a German electrical outlet (eine Steckdose) has, quite logically, two round holes for a receptacle.
If you absolutely must have those US appliances or devices, it can be done, but you need to be aware of the problems involved, as well as the pros and cons of various solutions.
Plug Adapters versus Voltage Converters
While it is easy to buy plug adapters that convert the North American-style flat pronged plugs to European round Schuko ones, this only solves half the problem. It doesn’t help with the voltage disparity. Also, keep in mind that there are at least six different models of European plugs, and — just to keep things interesting — even the more-or-less-standard round pronged plugs come in fat-pronged and skinny-pronged versions!
A plug or other electrical product approved for use in Germany, has a “DVE” marking (“ÖVE” in Austria, “+S” in Switzerland) on the item or on the accompanying literature. This is the Germanic equivalent of the “UL” symbol in the US. (Most adapters sold in the US will not have the European markings, since they are intended for use in more than one European country. This does not mean they are unsafe.) Often in Europe, because of the many electrical variations, appliances are sold without any electrical cord or plug. You have to buy that separately.
Most modern German electrical outlets (sockets) are recessed into the wall. Avoid those small voltage converters that have European prongs extending directly from the converter, and thus will not work in a recessed outlet without an additional adapter plug tacked on.
If your computer, shaver, video camera, iron, or what-have-you is a multi-voltage model (and most newer ones are), all you’ll need for Europe are plug adapters. If not, you’ll need to buy a voltage transformer or converter.
There are basically two kinds of voltage converters. One is for low wattage devices, such as shavers or radios that use less than about 50 watts. Bigger items that use more current — TV sets, irons, refrigerators, etc. — require a more heavy-duty (and heavier) voltage converter. Since these transformers can also weigh a lot and are expensive, it may be wiser to simply buy or rent German appliances that are already able to digest the higher voltages, or buy a transformer in Germany. But, believe it or not, you may save money by buying European-design appliances in the US. The savings over purchasing in Germany can be as much as 50 percent. (See sources listed below.) Of course, don't forget to add in any possible shipping costs as part of the total price.
Batteries and Akkus
Anything that runs on battery power will not be a problem (unless it’s a TV set). But if you need to plug it in for recharging, make sure that the charger can be set for 220-240 volts. The chargers that come with or are built into most modern video cameras, shavers, and other electronic devices are designed to sense the voltage automatically. (But read the user’s manual or labels carefully first!) Most standard US batteries are also readily available in Europe, but you may want to bring along a backup if you have an unusual type. A rechargeable battery, such as those used in laptop computers or video cameras, is called an Akkumulator in German - usually shortened to der Akku.
Battery Disposal: In Germany, you are discouraged from simply throwing batteries away in the normal trash. Most German communities have special containers and strict requirements for the disposal of various kinds of waste — glass, metal, chemicals, biodegradables, etc. Europe has also been a leader in mandating lower amounts of dangerous mercury in batteries. In some EU countries, including Germany, laws require that batteries be returned to retail outlets for proper disposal.
Television (Fernsehen) - Video - DVD
Television adds a few complications not present for other devices. Adapting a television set, DVD player, or video recorder requires more than just a voltage converter. A North American (NTSC) TV set or video player will not function in the PAL mode used in most of Europe. For longer stays in German-speaking Europe you may want to purchase a multi-system television set that can display both American NTSC and German PAL standard TV pictures. Multi-system DVD players/VCRs that can play both American and German DVD/video are also available. People with extensive collections of NTSC DVDs or videos can simply use a step-down transformer for their US equipment, but this won’t allow the viewing of German television or videos. For that you’ll still need a German television set and/or a German video player/recorder (or a multi-norm system).
See our PAL TV page for more information and links concerning television and video.
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Sources for 220-Volt Electrical Appliances
and Transformers
The following sources sell appliances, TV sets, electrical equipment, and transformers that will work in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.
Appliances Overseas
220-volt appliances and electronics
Tel: 1-866-220-8658
www.appliancesoverseas.com
Phoenix Electronics ("Items for use around the world")
1310 Monticello Ave.
Norfolk, Va. 23510
Fax: (757) 627-2718
E-mail: phoenixinfo@juno.com
www.phoenixelectronics.com
Video Overseas, Inc.
249 W. 23rd Street
New York, NY 10011
Phone: (800) 317-6945 or (212) 645-0797, Fax: (212) 242-8144
E-mail: Info-vos@videooverseas.com
www.videooverseas.com
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Web content ©1997-2006 Hyde Flippo
Related Pages
This Site
- Internet and Modem - Going online in Europe
- PAL is the German TV standard
- Cell Phones das Handy - Europe’s GSM system
- Telephone Tips for Germany, Austria, Switzerland
- The German Way Forum - Join our forum, where you can ask about voltage or any other topic!
On the Web
- Domestic AC Power Plugs - worldwide (Wikipedia)
- Help for World Travelers by Steve Kropla. A very useful electrical, television and phone guide for the world traveler.
- Video Overseas - An FAQ on video (Frequently Asked Questions)
- World Electric Power Guide by Steve Kropola
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